UK has warned that NATO is ready for war with Russia.
Alliance countries have supported Ukraine with arms and financial aid since Russia's invasion began but have been careful to avoid any actions that could draw them into the war.
General Sir Richard Barrons, head of Joint force command from 2013-16, was asked in a hearing of the UK parliamentary defence committee on Tuesday at what point Nato would be left with no option but to fight Russia.
He said Nato "will have a call to make" if Russian forces were able to reverse their fortunes and threaten larger parts of Ukraine than they are targeting in the new eastern offensive.
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They were always encircling and putting pressure on Russia, so the preparations for war were obvious. However, that is certainly only the last resort of the last resort. Let's relax with game bob the robber and wait and see